What is an H Bridge?

 An H-bridge is a circuit that lets you control a DC motor to go backward or forward. You normally use it with an integrated circuit and a microcontroller, such as an Raspberry Pi Pico to control dc and step motors. This L298N is a plug and play H Bridge motor driver.

H Bridge Schematic

A DC motor spins either backward or forward, depending on how you connect the positive and negative to the motor poles. 

If you close switches 1 and 4, you have power spinning the motor in one direction.

Close switches 2 and 3, and you have changed the polarity by changing the positive and negative being received by the poles. The motor will spin in the opposite direction.

Usually, you control the transistors from an Integrated circuit and microcontroller, such as Raspberry Pi Pico.

The transistors you choose must:

• Handle enough current
• Use PNP (or pMOS)
• Have a low voltage drop between collector and emitter
• The most important thing is that all the transistors can handle enough current for the motor. Otherwise, it will burn out. For example, if the motor draws 1 Ampere of current, you need transistors that can handle a minimum of 1 Ampere.

Buy Now H Bridge Motor Driver L298N For Arduino, Pico, Raspberry Pi

Source: https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/h-bridge/